River Crossing

Swollen and raging or silent and deep, river crossings were perilous. Swift rivers claimed wagons, provisions, livestock and the lives of many pioneers. Few emigrants could swim, increasing the likelihood of death if a wagon capsized.

Understanding the rivers' currents and knowing from experience if and where safe crossings existed, Indian guides commonly led early pioneers across dangerous rivers. “We forded the Snake River, (Three Island Crossing) which runs so swift that the drivers (four to a team) had to hold on to the ox yokes to keep from being swept down by the current. The water came into the wagon boxes, and after making the island we raised the boxes on blocks, engaged an Indian pilot, doubled teams, and reached the opposite bank in safety. It is best in fording this river to engage a pilot.” Elizabeth Wood, 1851